Use play to help your children express their fears and encourage them to use art or pretend games to express what they may not be able to put into words.
运用玩耍和游戏来帮助你的孩子表达他们的恐惧,并且鼓励他们运用表演或者假装游戏来表达他们说不出来的东西。
运用你的家庭来做孩子的防护物:将他们包裹在家庭的亲密中,保证你的孩子有很多时间与家人相处。
During times of stress and change, spend more time with your children playing games, reading to them or just holding them close.
处在压力和变化阶段时,要花更多的时间陪孩子玩游戏,给他们讲故事,或者仅仅抱着他们靠近自己。
Young children especially crave routine and rituals.
年级小的孩子特别渴望日常生活。
如果睡觉时间就是你给孩子讲故事的时间,那么就保证在那段时间给孩子讲故事。当他或她正处于一个比较艰难的时期时,你的孩子可能还缺乏应对变化的能力。
Resilience and elementary school children
韧性与小学生
进入小学开始遇到派系小团体和同学间的取笑,孩子们开始建立除学校外的“社交秩序”时会发生这种事。当他们开始学习有关家庭以外的世界的主题时,他们会把老师看成是和家长一样能给他们带来安全感和提供全部支持的人。
Make sure your child has a place he or she feels safe, whether that is home or school (ideally, both would feel safe).
确定你的孩子有一个地方能给他或她带来安全感,无论这个地方是学校还是家庭(最理想的是学校和家庭都能够带来安全感)。
Don't discount their fears when they bring them to you.
当孩子告诉你他们很害怕时,不要对他们的害怕程度打折扣。
When there is a situation outside of the home that is frightening, limit the amount of news your children watch or listen to.
如果家庭外面的世界发生了可怕的事件,限制孩子听到或看到新闻的数量。
你不需要向孩子隐瞒外面的世界发生了什么,但是也没必要将他们持续的暴露在会使他们害怕的事件中。
Realize that extra stresses may heighten normal daily stresses.
明白额外的压力有可能会加重日常生活的压力。
Reassure them that you just expect them to do their best.
要保证让他们知道,你仅仅是期望他们做到尽力而为就好。
Resilience and middle school children
韧性与中学生
Even without larger traumas, middle school can be an especially difficult time for many children as they struggle to meet extra academic demands and avoid new social pitfalls. They look to teachers and friends as well as to parents to make them feel safe.
即使没有重大创伤,对许多孩子来说,中学时代也是一个特别艰难的时期,因为他们要挣扎着达到额外的学术要求,以及要避免新的社交陷阱。他们将老师和朋友看做和家长一样,能够给自己带来安全感。