Teaching the relevance of course content can help students develop into engaged, motivated and self-regulated learners.
教授课程内容的关联性可以帮助学生们投入到学习中去,提高他们的学习动力,使成为自律的学习者
Two basic ways to provide relevance for students: utility value and relatedness
为学生提供关联性的两个基本方法:实用价值和关系需求
Utility value
实用价值
实用价值能够帮助我们回答这个问题“是啊,可是我可以用这个知识干什么?”。
Utility value is purely academic and emphasizes the importance that content has for the students’ future goals — both short-term and long-term goals (Ormrod, 2006).
实用价值有纯粹的学术重要性和强调事实的重要性,这种内容可以帮助学生实现未来的目标——不管是短期目标还是长期目标。
Relatedness is an inherent need students have to feel close to the significant people in their lives, including teachers (Ryan & Deci, 2000).
相互关系是一种内在的需求,需要学生能够感觉到与生活中有意义的人存在亲密关系,这些人包括老师。
关系需求可以从很多学术方面和非学术方面看出来。关系需求的非学术方面强调了老师与学生之间的关系。
Integral to this side of relatedness is the understanding that students need to feel close to their teachers and are more likely to listen to, learn from and perhaps identify with the ones they like (Ryan & Deci, 2000).
作为不可或缺的一方面,相互关系就是一种理解,就是指学生需要感觉和老师很亲近,从而更喜欢听讲、更喜欢学习,也许他们也想要变得跟老师一样。
学生们开始重视喜欢的老师所说的话,认为这些东西值得去学习,因为老师把这些知识看成是值得学习的东西。
This is why genuine enthusiasm expressed during instruction is important; it shows students how important the content is to the instructor.
这就是为什么在讲课时真正的热情很重要;这能显示出老师最这些内容的重视程度。
Through the years I have learned that students recognize how much effort it can take to provide relevance, and they see the effort expended on them as care. Students often respond to this perceived care by caring about the teacher and what he or she teaches.
经过这么多年,我了解到学生们能够意识到老师会花多少精力来提供相关性,并且他们可以看到老师们在他们身上花费的心血。学生常常通过关心老师和老师所教的科目来回报他们感知到的关心。
Relatedness provides relevance to students first via the developing relationship between teacher and student — this piques students’ interest in what the teacher has to say.
关系需求提供的关联性首先体现在能够增进师生关系——老师说的话就可以引起学生的兴趣。
Relevance then helps students see that the content is worth knowing by showing how it fits into their current and future frame of reference.
然后,关联性通过展示学科内容是如何切合当前实际和未来需要来帮助学生们懂得这些内容是值得学习的。
Activities to help students find relevance
帮助学生发现关联性的活动