例如,Pamela George博士,来自北卡罗来纳州中央大学教育学院的教育心理学教授,他发现参加小组协作学习的学生在考试中会获得更高的分数,而且在对待班级教学活动中,他们的态度比独自学习的学生更积极。 Group work enables students to bounce ideas off one another and may even boost student motivation since the group's success often depends on each member's participation.
小组学习中,学生会向其他成员寻求意见,这样可以增强学生的学习动力,因为小组的成功有赖于每一位成员的参与。
Group work also helps students fine tune their personal interaction skills.
小组学习也可以帮助学生锻炼个人交流技巧。
By working in groups, expert says, students "are also learning to listen, to respond clearly to one another, and to revise their thinking by the perspectives of others joined in a common task."
专家声称,通过小组学习,学生“也可以学习倾听,清楚地向别人表达自己的观点,同时也可以根据小组其他人的观点修正自己的想法。”
但是,当你想让他们小组合作学习时,你如何确保学生们达到学习目标?
Focus the project.
专注项目
Provide each group with a specific objective–such as a set of questions to answer–and make your expectations clear, experts say.
为每个小组设定详细的目标,如一系列问题,并对学生们讲清楚你的期望目标。
这不止是说一句“组一个团队,然后去学习”这么简单,这需要老师做很多前期准备。
Create heterogeneous groups.
创造异类结构小组
Groups made up of like-minded friends may not work together as effectively as heterogeneous groups, experts say.
志趣相投的小组,不如异质类小组的学习效果好。异质类小组是指小组成员要由不同脾性的、有差异的学生组成。
Pay attention to group dynamics.
关注小组的学习动力
McGovern advises instructors to circulate among groups, listen and consult on an as-needed basis.
McGovern 建议老师应该在小组周围巡视,细心倾听学生们的讨论,在学生需要的时候,给予帮助。
Hold each group member accountable.
对每个小组成员负责
To ensure that each group member contributes, Nodine provides her class with a list of group member names so they can anonymously rate each member's participation–as well as their own.
为了保证每位小组成员都有贡献,Nodine给她的班级列了一张小组成员名单,这样其他同学就可以匿名评价小组成员的贡献,同样,别人也可以匿名评价自己的贡献。
Share final work with the class.
与班级同学分享最终的成果
Teachers make sure the groups share what they discovered so the entire class can benefit each group's work.
老师应该确保所有小组跟全班同学分享成果,这样整个班级都可以从每一个小组的学习成果中获益。