成功学生的20个秘密，你知道几个呢？ 上

你也是蘑菇嘛

Just in time for back to school, 20 science-backed insights to make the grade.
及时返校，20个有科学依据的观点能帮助你获得成功

Posted Aug 27, 2015

1. Skip the laptop:           
     跳过笔记本电脑的使用：
Writing by hand activates more regions of the brain than typing, and may even foster better memory recall. Computers (link is external) in lectures reduce comprehension not just for the student using the computer, but everyone around them.
手写激活的大脑区域要多于敲键盘激活的大脑区域，并且手写能够更好的促进记忆回想。在课堂上使用电脑，不仅会降低使用者的理解能力，还会降低周围每一个人的理解能力。

2. Study smart:
     聪明的学习：
Forget highlighting, underlining, rereading and summarizing. Studies  (link is external)show they are not efficient methods of learning. Instead, practice active recall, a research proven method (link is external) to master material. It entails actively recalling information from memory and self-testing.
忘记强调重点、划线标注、反复阅读和总结吧。研究显示：它们不是有效的学习方法。有效的方法是，练习主动回忆，一项研究已经证明这是掌握知识的方法。这需要积极地从记忆中回想信息，并且做自我检测。

3. Find the right roommate:
     找到对的舍友：
Find a smart roommate. A Dartmouth study (link is external) shows that a studious roommate’s habits have a positive effect on the less studious roommate’s grades. It’s the simplest way to boost GPA.
需找一个聪明的室友。达特茅斯大学的一项研究显示，勤奋室友的习惯对较不勤奋室友的学习成绩有着积极的影响。这是提高平均成绩最简单的方法。

4. Sign up for seminars:
     参与研讨会：
Skip the big lecture class and take a seminar instead. Research suggests that students listening passively learn less. Engaged discussion (link is external) in a smaller seminar setting facilitates better processing of information.
翘掉的人数众多的大讲座去参加研讨会。研究显示，被动听讲的学生学到的东西更少。在小型研讨会中参与讨论，对处理信息更有帮助。

5. Wear the right outfit:
     穿着合适的服装：
Yes, clothes matter. Studies show a distinct relationship between how we dress, behave and perform. (link is external) Students feel more serious when they dress up (think a lab coat or a suit) and are more attentive than when wearing sweatpants.
是的，是衣服的关系。众多的研究显示，我们的着装、习惯和表现之间有明显的联系。当他们精心打扮过（想一下穿着实验工作服和西装），学生们会感觉更加严肃，并且比穿宽松运动裤更加专心。

6. Chew gum:
     嚼口香糖：
Studies suggest that chewing gum improves focus and memory. (link is external)Please don’t snap or blow bubbles. That’s just rude.
研究显示嚼口香糖能够提高注意力和记忆力。请不要使劲嚼或者吹泡泡。那样很粗鲁。

7. Mono-task:
     单个任务：
Focus on one task at a time. That means turning your phone off or leaving it at home when you head to the library or class. Studies (link is external) show that when people turn off email, they are more productive (link is external) and focused.
集中注意力，每次一个任务。意思就是当你去图书馆或去上课时，关掉你的手机或者把它留在家里。研究显示当人们关掉邮件时，他们会更多产、更专注。

8. Visit a museum:
     参观博物馆：
Students who visit art museums (link is external) exhibit greater critical thinking skills, higher levels of social tolerance as well as increased social empathy. Looking at art also decreases stress.
那些参观艺术博物馆的学生展现了批判性思维的能力，有较高水平的社交容忍力，以及逐渐增长的社交同情心。观看艺术品也能减少压力。

9. Eat smart:
     健康饮食：
Yogurt, vegetables, chocolate, wine and coffee have all been shown in improve memory. (link is external)Foods rich in sodium, sugar and saturated fat (link is external) increase stress, depression, and negatively affect cognitive ability and inhibit memory.
酸奶、蔬菜、巧克力、白酒和咖啡都有助于提高记忆力。富含钠、糖份和饱和脂肪的食物会使人增加压力、抑郁，以及对人的认知能力有消极影响，抑制注意力。

10. Time chunk:
      时间累积：
For studying, quality not quantity matters. Block out periods of time to focus. Research shows twenty-five minute work blocks (link is external) work well.
对于学习来说，要注重质量而非数量。划分出一段时间来集中注意力。研究显示，25分钟的时间区域工作的效果最好。

11. Walk to class:
      步行去上课：
Studies indicate that walking increases creative thinking, (link is external) problem solving and drawing parallels between complex ideas. Fresh air coupled with exercise sharpens focus and may decrease symptoms of ADHD.
研究显示，步行能够增加创造性思维、问题解决能力，以及对比复杂想法的能力。新鲜的空气以及锻炼能改善注意力，并且有可能降低注意力缺陷的病症。

12. Doodle:
      信手涂鸦：
Research shows that doodlers are actually more engaged (link is external) with speakers, teachers and material, than their non-doodling classmates.
研究显示与不涂鸦的同学相比，那些涂鸦的人，实际上会更多的参与到发言者、老师和对材料的谈论中去。

13. Pay your way (or some of it):
      自食其力（或者部分自食其力）：
Students who pay their own way take their education more seriously (link is external) and appreciate it more.
那些自食其力的学生对待自己的学业会更认真，并且会有更多的感激之情。

14. Sit up straight:
      端正坐姿：
There is a connection between posture and cognition. A positive learning state (link is external), including good posture, is linked with better memory retention and more efficient learning. Vertical studying – sitting at a desk – is superior to horizontal learning – i.e. in bed.
姿势和认知之间有一种联系。一个积极学习的状态，包括良好的姿势，与良好的记忆维持力和更高效的学习能力有联系。纵向学习（即坐在桌前）比横向学习（即躺在床上）更胜一筹。

15. Have a growth mindset:
      拥有成长型思维模式：
Intelligence isn’t fixed.Those who believe that talent can be cultivated  (link is external)and that improvement is the result of effort and hard work tend to achieve more.
智商不是固定的。那些相信才能可以被培养的人，以及那些相信进步是努力和辛勤换来的人，倾向于获得更多的成就。

你也是蘑菇嘛

智商不是固定的。那些相信才能可以被培养的人，以及那些相信进步是努力和辛勤换来的人，倾向于获得更多的成就。

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学习了，谢谢分享