For example, McNeil & Alibali (2005) showed students the following equation for 5 seconds and told them to memorize it, but not solve it:
7 + 4 + 5 = 7 + __
比如,McNeil & Alibali (2005)给学生们5秒的时间展示以下等式,并让他们努力记住,但是不要计算出等式的结果:
7 + 4 + 5 = 7 + __
Later, when they were asked to recall the problem, many students wrote the following:
7+ 4 + 5 + 7 = __
过一会儿,当他们要求学生回忆那个等式时,许多学生写出了如下等式:
7+ 4 + 5 + 7 = __
This revealed that many students were following the arithmetic pattern of “operations = answer,” and not understanding the concept of equivalence (the real meaning of the equal sign). The correct view of the equal sign is a symbol of equivalence. It is the “relational” view of the equal sign as a symbol that denotes a relationship between two quantities
这表明,许多学生有“操作=结果”这样的算术模式,其实他们并没有真正懂得等式的概念(等号的真正意义)。等号的正确概念是等于的符号,这是一个与等号有关的概念,其意义是指示两种数量的对等关系。