学习障碍症

喵呜

Facts and tips for coping with a learning problem
了解学习困难，以及如何处理学习困难

Posted Sep 23, 2015

According to the Learning Disabilities Association of America, 2.4 million students are diagnosed with a learning disability and about 41 percent receive special educationservices. There is a range of different learning disabilities including: dyscalculia (difficultiesunderstanding numbers and math facts), dysgraphia (difficulties with writing), dyslexia (difficulties related to reading and language processing), and auditory processing disorder (difficulties processing other’s speech).
根据美国学习障碍协会的调查，有240万学生被确诊为患有学习障碍症，并且大约有41%的学生接受特殊教育服务。有一系列不同的学习障碍症，包括：计算障碍症（理解数字和数学题目很困难），书写障碍（在书写方面有困难），阅读障碍症（在有关阅读和语言处理方面有困难），以及听觉处理失调障碍症（在处理他人说话信息方面有困难）。

How are learning disabilities identified?
如何鉴定学习障碍症？

为了确诊是否患有学习障碍症，需要从多种信息渠道收集信息，包括孩子的学校和家长处。除此之外，需要有一个专业人士，比如学校的心理专家，对孩子做一个评估，来评价孩子的功能和技巧。

Common symptoms of learning disorders may include (LDA, 2015):
学习障碍的一般特征可能包括：

• difficulty following directions or learning routines
  

            在遵照学习指示或执行学习常规方面有困难

• a dread of going to school
  

           害怕去学校

• trouble learning the connection between letters and sounds
  

           在学习字母和发音之间的联系方面有困难

• problems doing homework
  

           做作业有困难

• taking a long time to learn new skills
  

           学习新技能需要花费很长时间

• trouble learning numbers, the alphabet, days of the week, colors and shapes
  

           在学习数字、字母表、一周七天、颜色和形状方面有困难

• difficulty keeping up with papers or assignments
  

           很难跟得上文章指示或分配的任务

• difficulty learning basic math concepts
  

           在学习基本的数学概念上有困难

• difficulty learning prefixes, suffixes, root words and other spelling strategies
  

           在学习前缀、后缀、词根或其他拼写策略时有困难

Coping with a learning disability
如何应对学习障碍症

尽管无法治愈学习障碍症，但是这些孩子依然能从早期的干预中获益。根据儿童健康网的信息，有学习障碍症的人需要适应自己在学习上的不同之处，并且寻找能够帮助自己完成目标和梦想的策略。

1.  Some students who have been diagnosed with a learning disability work with a special teacher or tutor for a few hours a week to learn certain study skills, note-taking strategies, or organizational techniques that can help them compensate for their learning disability.
一些被确诊为有学习障碍症的学生，每个星期会花几个小时跟随特殊的老师或教练学习某些学习技能，比如记笔记的策略，或者组织能力方面的技巧，这些能够帮助他们弥补学习能力的不足。

       Your school might have a special classroom with a teacher who is trained to help students overcome learning problems.
       你们的学校可能会有特殊教室，且配备了受过专业训练的老师，这样能够帮助学生们克服学习上的问题。

2.  Some schools develop what is called an Individualized Education Program (or IEP), which helps define a person's learning strengths and weaknesses and makes a plan for the learning activities that will help the student do his or her best in school.
一些学校可能会发展一个名为个别教育计划的项目（简称IEP），这个项目可以帮助学生明确个人学习的强项和弱项，并为此制定一个计划，利用这个计划帮助该生在学校做到最佳表现。

       A student's IEP might include sessions with a tutor or time in a specialized classroom for a certain subject, or the use of special equipment to help with learning, such as books on tape or laptop computers for students who have dyslexia.
       学生的个别教育计划可能包括几个环节，跟着老师在特殊教室学习某项科目以及所花费的时间，或者使用特殊设备辅助学习，比如有阅读障碍症的学生使用磁带书或笔记本电脑学习。

3.  Medication is often prescribed to help students with ADHD. Several medicines on the market today can help improve a student's attention span and ability to focus and help control impulses and other hyperactive behavior.
药物治疗常常被指定用来帮助有注意力缺陷障碍症（也就是多动症）的孩子学习。如今市场上出现一些药物能够帮助学生提高注意力持续时间，增强集中注意力的能力，以及帮助他们控制冲动，和其他过度活跃的行为。