Canceling social events at the last moment
在最后一刻取消了社交活动
Avoiding situations that provide positive social interaction
避免有主动的社交互动的情景
Few or no friends
很少或者没有朋友
Avoidance of activities that are otherwise pleasurable
回避在别的方面也能带来快乐的活动
Passivity, pessimism and low self-esteem
消极、悲观以及低自尊
Friends, family members, teachers, or mentors are concerned
朋友、家庭成员、老师或指导老师也会为其担心
Excessive computer use that is not social in nature, and is without face to face contact with others
过度使用电脑并不是一种自然的社交方式，而且也不能面对面地与他人交流。
研究显示引起回避、拘谨、和痛苦的原因包括：
喜怒无常或者生物性影响
抽离、回避、过度情绪化的反应
高度敏感，当缺乏足够的社交支持
与家庭成员或者一些环境相处时缺乏情绪“适应性”
Stressful Life Events
应激性生活事件 生活压力事件
羞辱经历
转学或从另一个城市迁徙
家庭巨变或家庭分裂
Negative Family Interactions
消极的家庭互动
父母经常性的责备和羞辱会加强顺从行为，父母高度控制并且很少表达温暖
混乱的家庭关系和忽视
Stressful Work or School Environments 紧张的工作或学校环境
激烈的竞争、批评或者敌对的环境
公开羞辱不良表现
支配他人，无视胁迫或嘲笑，甚至鼓励这种行为
How loved ones, friends and mentors can help
爱他的人、朋友和老师应该如何帮助
Maintain Appropriate Expectations
保持适当的期待
Maintain appropriate expectations while communicating empathy for the shy person's painful emotions.
与痛苦的腼腆型的人交谈要富有同情心，同时要保持适当的期待
Encourage them to tell you about their daily experiences and how they feel about them.
鼓励他们告诉你他们的日常经历并且谈谈他们的感受
Acknowledge the conflict between needs to belong and fears of rejection.
承认需要接纳和害怕被拒绝之间的矛盾
Role play challenging situations with the shy person.
让腼腆的人扮演一些对自己有挑战的角色
Help the shy individual set specific, manageable behavioral goals, and agreed upon reasonable means to attain them.
帮助腼腆的人设置具体的、可操作的行为目标，而且，合理的认可意味着接近他们
Help challenge the frequent negative thoughts about the self and others, and help them develop constructive alternatives.
帮助他们挑战对自己、对他人经常性的消极想法，帮助他们建立积极的替代想法
Avoid negative labels and intense pressures for social performance.
避免消极的标签，避免社交表现带来的巨大压力
Remember that shyness and social anxiety are common and universal experiences at all ages for most people.
记住羞涩和社交焦虑是常见、普通的经历，对大部分人来说不分都年龄
A psychologist can help
心理咨询师能够帮助你
Successful therapy lowers barriers to action and increases appropriate risk taking and self-acceptance. Deliberate social "niche picking", or choosing situations that suit one's temperament, also increases.
成功的治疗能够降低行为障碍，增加适当的风险承受能力和自我接纳能力。蓄意设置社交的“心态定位”，或者选择适应客户脾气的情景，增加这样的次数。
Individual therapy provides a place to explore one's needs, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors without pressure from others.
个人的治疗能够探索个体的需求、态度、信仰和行为，并且不受任何人的压力。
Group and Individual therapy help clients develop more empathy for others and themselves by reducing negative selfthoughts, self-blame and shame while building positive perspectives and effective behavioral patterns.
团体辅导和个体治疗通过建立积极的观点、有效行为模式，同时减少自我的消极想法、自我责备和羞耻感，帮助客户培养对他人、对自己更多的同情。
Medication may help clients enter feared situations.
药物治疗可能会使客户增加害怕情境。