Try these strategies to boost your learning and retention.
尝试这些策略来增强你的学习和记忆
By Carole Wade, PhD, Carol Tavris, PhD, and Maryanne Garry, PhD
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你是怎样学习的呢?你是否如大多数学生一样,最喜欢的策略就是阅读课本和你的笔记,然后一遍遍地复习它们?你可能会觉得书读百遍是最好的学习方法。但实际上并不是这样。
The secret to doing well is testing yourself on what you’ve studied — asking yourself questions, retrieving the answers, going back and restudying what you didn’t know, and testing yourself again and again until you learn the material.
如果用一句话概括就是:学好知识的秘诀在于测试你已经学会了什么——问自己问题,检索答案,返回去重新学习那些你不知道的知识,然后再一遍一遍地测试自己,直至掌握这些知识。
And even when you learn it, you need to keep testing yourself regularly over the semester so that what you’ve learned stays learned.
甚至在学习的过程中,也需要在整个学期中保持定期的自我检测,这样做才不会忘掉所学知识。
以下是详细策略,会教给你学习的秘密,教给你在课堂上如何做好。
What to do before class
课前应该做什么呢
你的老师会给你分配一些任务,让你阅读课本或者阅读一些其他资源。你将如何学习所有的信息呢?
Secret #1: Use the 3R technique: Read. Recite. Review. 秘密 1:运用3R技巧:阅读、背诵、复习
假如你在下一堂课前阅读一个章节,试着使用以下三个步骤:
Read a section of the chapter. Then close the book and hide your notes.
阅读本章的一段。然后合上书本,藏起你的笔记。
Recite (speak aloud) everything you can remember about what you've just read. You don’t need fancy equipment. You can recite to yourself, to a friend, to your cat or even to your coffee mug or a plant in your room.
复述(大声说出)你能记得的每一项内容。不需要复杂的修饰。你可以对你自己复述,对朋友复述、对猫甚至是你的咖啡杯或者使你卧室墙上的地图复述。
Review the section by reading it again to correct anything you got wrong, or to revisit important information that you overlooked when you recited.
通过再次阅读,复习这一部分内容,改正所有出错的地方,或者是复习那些你在复述时遗漏的重要信息。
For the information to stay there, you have to process it until you get it.
为了让信息保留在大脑中,你必须要对它进行加工,直到你的大脑存储了它。
当你花了精力去理解某事物时,你就会给大脑发出这样的信号“这些东西”是值得记忆的。
An excellent way to do this, as you read, is to try to connect the new information to information you already know.
一个非常好的方法就是,当你阅读的时候,尝试着把新知识和学过的知识联系在一起。
Start by trying to remember everything you can.
开始尝试回忆你能记住的每一个信息。
Then look at the outline on the first page of the chapter and use it to jog your memory and remember even more.
然后查看每章第一页的标题,并且运用这些标题来检测你的记忆,甚至能记住更多的东西。
Keep in mind the parts that tripped you up as you’re reading; when you finish, make sure you can answer the questions you couldn’t last time.
现在你就可以准备复习了。回到章节最开始的地方,再阅读一遍。当你阅读的时候,在心中记住难倒你的那部分内容;当你完成阅读的时候,确保你能够回答出上次不知道的问题。