标题: 为什么我们记得某些事情，但会忘记其他事情？ 下 [打印本页] 作者: 你也是蘑菇嘛 时间: 2015-12-18 11:13 标题: 为什么我们记得某些事情，但会忘记其他事情？ 下 （接上）
6. Blanking out: Stress can lead to memory deficit, such as the common experience of mentally blanking during a high-pressure examination or interview. Thus, worrying about how you will perform on a test may actually contribute to a lower test score. In general, anxiety influences cognitive performance in a curvilinear manner (an inverted U-curve). This phenomenon is known as the Yerkes– Dodson law (link is external). That is, when levels of arousal are too low (boredom) and when levels of arousal are too high (anxiety or fear) performance is likely to suffer. Under situations of low arousal, the mind is unfocused. In contrast, under situations of high stimulation, the focus of attention is too narrow, and important information may be lost. The optimal situation is moderate arousal. 一片空白： 压力会致使记忆短缺，比如在高压的考试或面试当中常见的经历就是心理上的空白。然后，担心表现得如何实际上很可能会导致一个较低的测试分数。一般来讲，焦虑会以一种曲线方式（一个倒U型曲线）影响认知表现。这种现象被称之为耶基斯——多德森法则。就是说，当兴奋水平太低（乏味无聊）以及太高（焦虑和害怕）时，表现很可能变差。在低兴奋状态下，注意力会不集中。相反，在高兴奋度状态下，注意力的集中范围也十分狭小，并且重要的信息会丢失。最佳的状态就是中等程度的兴奋。 7. Duration neglect (Peak-End rule) : The way we remember events is not necessarily made up of a total of every individual moment. Instead, we tend to remember and overemphasize the peak (best or worst) moment and the last moment, and neglect the duration of an experience . This explains why normally the bad ending ruins the whole experience. For example, when you remember your summer vacation to Canada, there is just too much information to evaluate whether it was an enjoyable trip. So, you apply the peak-end rule and you more heavily weight the best moment and the most recent moment.
持久性忽略（峰终定律）： 我们记忆事件不一定包含所有单个的瞬间。而是，我们倾向于记忆和强调峰值事件（最好的或最坏的）和最后的时刻，并且忽略经历的持续时间。这就是为什么坏的结局会毁掉整个经历。比如，当你回忆起暑假去加拿大，有相当多的信息可以评估这是否是一次快乐的旅行。所以，你应用了峰值定律，并且更重视最好的瞬间和最常出现的瞬间。
In sum, much of learning takes place in the form of emotional learning. To make our memory stronger, it helps to attach emotional significance to objects and actions we experience.
总而言之，许多学习以情绪学习的方式发生。为了增强我们的记忆，它会帮助我们将情绪含义附加在目标上和我们经历的行为上。