[attach]10732[/attach] Why Sitting Is Bad For Learning If You Have ADHD
为什么坐着学习对你不利，如果你有注意缺陷障碍症的话
Posted Dec 09, 2015
We typically have the notion that in order to learn we have to sit still – we spend a lot of time in classrooms inculcating the importance of focused attention WHILE being still and not moving.
我们典型地认为：为了更好的学习我们必须坐好——我们会在课堂上花大量的时间反复灌输集中注意力的重要性，集中注意力时要坐好，不要乱动。
But now that traditional view is being turned on its head with a recent study of school children. Researchers (link is external) found that for students with ADHD they learn best when they squirm.
但是最近一项有关学龄儿童的研究彻底颠覆了传统观点。研究人员发现对于那些有注意缺陷障碍症的学生来说，当他们来回扭动的时候学习效果最好。
They took a group of 8-12 year old boys and observed them in a classroom with a high-speed camera. They found that for the boys with ADHD – the more activity they showed (like foot-tapping, leg-swinging and chair-scooting) – the better their working memory.
研究人员将8到12岁的男孩组成一个小组，通过一台高速摄像机观察他们在教室里的行为。研究人员发现，有注意力障碍症的男孩们——他们表现得越活跃（像用脚尖打着拍子、晃腿以及拖着椅子跑）——他们的记忆力越好。
But here is the interesting thing – the same pattern isn’t true for the student without ADHD. The more activity they showed – the WORSE their working memory.
但是这正是有趣的地方——同样的模式不适用于非多动症者（多动症，即注意力障碍症）。他们表现得越活跃——他们的记忆力就越糟糕。
WHY? For the student with ADHD – the movement has a purpose – it helps them focus and stay attentive to a task. In the student with ADHD, certain parts of the brain are less active - like the prefrontal cortex – which is responsible for working memory and attention. The extra physical movement can increase activity and result in improved learning.
为什么？对于那些有多动症的学生——移动有一个目的——它会帮助这些学生集中注意力并且保持任务参与状态。有多动症的学生，大脑中的某些区域较为不活跃——像前额叶皮质——这一区域是负责记忆力和注意力的。额外的身体运动能够增加大脑区域的活跃度，从而提高学习。
So it’s not about reducing movement in those with ADHD but about how to channel it.
所以问题不是让有多动症的学生减少身体移动，而是如何疏导多动。
What can you do?
你能做什么呢？
It’s not a “let them run around crazily” attitude but allowing them to have movement.
这不是“放任他们到处疯跑”的态度而是允许他们有身体移动。
Let your children learn while on an exercise bike
让你的孩子在学习的时候骑在健身自行车上
Walk around and read.
边走边阅读
Use a wobble board
使用圆形摇晃板
A related topic is the importance of Recess at School – schools across the US are either reducing recess to just a few minutes or removing it altogether.
与之相关的一个话题是课间休息的重要性——美国的大多数学校不是将休息时间减至几分钟就是将其整体移除。
But what do we lose when we trade the playground for the classroom?
但是当我们将操场时间换为教室时间时，我们失去了什么？
First there is no evidence supporting the idea that reducing recess leads to more productivity or improved concentration and attention.
首先目前还没有证据表明减少休息能够提高效率或有助于集中精力和注意力。
In fact, research shows the opposite –
事实上，研究表明正相反——
They behave better in the classroom (less fidgeting & more on task behaviors)
他们在课堂上表现得更好（减少坐立不安& 增加任务行为）
Better social skills
较好的社交技能
They show more cooperative behaviors
他们表现出更多的合作行为
Better conflict resolution
更好的解决冲突
Higher grades
取得更高的分数
But the type of play makes a difference - when children engage in unstructured free play, where they are self-directed - we see the most benefit in the classroom.
但是不同类型的玩耍会有很大不同——当孩子们投入到无条理的自由玩耍中，他们会自我引导——我们会在课堂上看到最大效益。
And recess/playtime should not just be for kids – in our research we found climbing a tree is good for the brain and working memory in adults too!
并且休息/玩耍不仅对孩子们有效——在我们的研究中发现爬树对成年人的大脑和记忆同样有好处！
When adults spent time doing proprioceptively dynamic activities, like climbing a tree, it improved their working memory by 50%. Working Memory, the active processing of information, is linked to performance in a wide variety of contexts from grades to sports.
当成年人花时间做本体动态运动时，比如爬树，会使工作记忆提高50%。工作记忆是对信息的积极加工，在多种多样的环境中与表现相联系，从成绩到运动。